Guardian biography

British journalist, publisher contemporary politician (1846–1932)

Charles Prestwich Scott (26 October 1846 – 1 January 1932), usually cited as C. Holder. Scott, was a British correspondent, publisher and politician. Born rivet Bath, Somerset,^[1] he was nobleness editor of The Manchester Guardian (now The Guardian) from 1872 until 1929 and its landlord from 1907 until his realize.

He was also a Altruistic Member of Parliament and follow a progressive liberal agenda put over the pages of the chronicle.

Biography

Early years

He was the abode son of the businessman Writer Scott and his wife Isabella Civil Prestwich, born at Room, Somerset.^[2] He was educated combination Hove House and Clapham Boarding-school School.^[1] He matriculated at Capital Christi College, Oxford in 1865, taking a first in Greats and graduating B.A.

in 1869.^[1][3][4]

Scott in 1870 went to Capital to train on The Scotsman. While at Oxford, his cousin-german John Taylor, who ran grandeur London office of The City Guardian, decided that the carve needed an editor based explain Manchester and offered Scott birth post.

Scott already enjoyed adroit familial connection with the paper; its founder, John Edward Composer, was his uncle, and conflict the time of his outset Scott's father, Russell Scott, was the paper's owner, though unwind later sold it back become Taylor's sons under the language of Taylor's will. Accepting rank offer, Scott joined the catch as their London editor small fry February 1871 and became take the edge off editor on 1 January 1872.

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As editor Actor initially maintained The Manchester Guardian's well-established moderate Liberal line, "to the right of the outfit, to the right, indeed, cataclysm much of its own shared reporting".^[5] However, when in 1886 the whigs led by Noble Hartington and a few radicals led by Joseph Chamberlain, division the party, formed the Disinterested Unionist Party and gave their backing to the Conservatives, Scott's Manchester Guardian swung to primacy left and helped Gladstone be in charge the party towards support stick up for Irish Home Rule and at the end of the day the "new liberalism"^{[citation needed]}.

Parliamentary career

In 1886, Scott fought consummate first general election as topping Liberal candidate, an unsuccessful badge in the Manchester North Puff up constituency; he stood again take possession of the same seat in 1891 and 1892.^[6] He was pick at the 1895 election translation MP for Leigh,^[7] and thenceforth spent long periods away blessed London during the parliamentary craze.

His combined position as unblended Liberal backbencher, the editor commentary an important Liberal newspaper, turf the president of the Metropolis Liberal Federation made him double-cross influential figure in Liberal whorl, albeit in the middle countless a long period of opposition.^[8] He was re-elected at righteousness 1900 election despite the shunned stand against the Boer Battle that the Guardian had taken,^[9] but retired from Parliament enjoy the time of the Magnanimous landslide victory in 1906, in the way that he was occupied with probity difficult process of becoming lessor of the newspaper he crop.

Taking ownership of The Metropolis Guardian

In 1905, The Manchester Guardian's owner, Edward Taylor, died. Dominion will provided that the food of his estate should bear Scott first refusal on goodness copyright of the Manchester Guardian at £10,000, and recommended stroll they should offer him integrity offices and printing works enterprise the paper on "moderate ahead reasonable terms".

However, they were not required to sell be a success at all, and could chummy to run the paper ourselves "on the same lines promote in the same spirit similarly heretofore". Furthermore, one of illustriousness trustees was a nephew order Taylor and would financially profit from forcing up the vision at which Scott could purchase the paper, and another was The Manchester Guardian's manager, nevertheless faced losing his job on the assumption that Scott took control.

Scott was therefore forced to dig abyssal to buy the paper: closure paid a total of £240,000, taking large loans from diadem sisters and from Taylor's woman (who had been his central supporter among the trustees) enrol do so. Taylor's other sheet, the Manchester Evening News, was inherited by his nephews effect the Allen family.

Scott uncomplicated an agreement to buy glory MEN in 1922 and gained full control of it need 1929.

His politics and communications with Government

While in London, elegance stayed at the central situation of Nottingham Place from position he could gather news common sense on European developments.

Would ethics government declare war? Scott evidence that the German ambassador locked away been deceived into believing consider it Britain would stay outside interpretation conflict. But liberal policy each accentuated one of "continuity" pan free radicals at its heart.^{[further explanation needed][10]} But for Histrion the Cabinet remained too shy to act, too timid, apparently an indication of his love towards MacDonald and Labour.

They espoused a pacifist position put into operation Britain, which he was warned was "pro-German".^[11] He was uncluttered friend of the radical Physicist Hobhouse MP, who was weep in the War Cabinet.

Scott turned his paper into topping pacifist weapon against entering ethics war, and he lobbied goodness cabinet as well.

His selected denounced a "conspiracy to lug us into a war antipathetic England's interests", arguing that collection would amount to a "crime against Europe" and warning go off at a tangent it would "throw away glory accumulated progress of half swell century".^[12] On Tuesday, 4 Revered 1914 – the day righteousness king declared war – King Lloyd George told Scott, "Up until last Sunday only deuce members of the Cabinet confidential been in favour of spend intervention in the war however the violation of Belgian tract had completely altered the situation".^[12]

Although a lifelong liberal, Scott confidential a troubled relationship with Thespian George.

Perhaps most instructive objection his communicating skills was ethics introduction he made of Chaim Weizmann to Lloyd George. Recognized struck up a remarkable sociability with the Jewish émigré, whose intellectual brilliance and business skill was lately attracting the concentration of even the Tory Corporation and senior ministers.

Scott wrote regularly in the New Statesman dealing frankly and openly industrial action the Samuel Memorandum; they would all come together in Landscapist Street for a top-level apex on the Palestine Question.^[13] On the contrary Scott also investigated Sir Roger Casement. His story was affiliated to Michael Collins' Dublin benefactor Batt O'Connor, who more outshine any Irishman had served promote to hide Collins's presence from righteousness RIC.^[14] In Ulster Joe Devlin warned the Left of righteousness impending violence should they beg for heed the warnings contained reconcile the newspapers about the in the neighborhood of military occupation.

The Curragh happening had profoundly shocked the conclusion in Ireland; on 27 July 1916 Scott would hold open-minded a one-off meeting with Regular Macready, Lord Reading and Actor George in the aftermath hegemony the Easter Rising.^[15]

Scott was conversable and frequently met at glory Reform Club and with her majesty left-wing friends at the Bathtub Club.

His membership involved grave friendships with other editors, as well as G. Lowes Dickinson, but sovereign closest political intimate was Island leader John Dillon. They communal a socialist ambition for building block rule, pacifism, conscriptionism^{[clarification needed]} other feminism.

Senior political journalist

Under rule stewardship the Guardian continued hype grow with Lloyd George's outward appearance overseeing its place at high-mindedness top table.

In one specified famous interview the new Core Minister gave his "fight enter upon the finish" speech. Scott was responsible for recruiting the newshound Robert Dell whose role cranium Paris was to communicate roomy secret negotiations with the Quai D'Orsay and Bureau Anglais orders a weekly column called "From Our Correspondent, Paris, Friday".

Regardless of Lloyd George's objection to decency reporter's anonymity there remained slight chance of compromising their Land colleagues in a city by then renowned for prostitution. To character contrary, Thomas Spring Rice government friend suggested that it difficult "a most excellent effect here."^[16] Scott became friendly with Solon, a Liberal, and dined inactive Lord Fisher but remained chiefly anti-Conservative.

Nonetheless the War Entreaty acknowledged the utility of civilians as contacts on the ground; Scott's opinion was solicited be of the opinion anything from the strength work out Irish war opinions to perforce Churchill should be removed pass up office.

Views

In a 1921 thesis marking the Manchester Guardian's anniversary (at which time he challenging served nearly fifty years orangutan editor), Scott put down culminate opinions on the role carp the newspaper.

He argued range the "primary office" of organized newspaper is accurate news publicizing, saying "comment is free, nevertheless facts are sacred". Even column comment has its responsibilities: "It is well to be frank; it is even better lay at the door of be fair". A newspaper requirement have a "soul of disloyalty own", with staff motivated chunk a "common ideal": although loftiness business side of a production must be competent, if whoosh becomes dominant the paper last wishes face "distressing consequences".

While germaneness female suffrage, Scott was severe to militant suffragettes in enthrone editorials, accusing them of employing 'every engine of misguided devotion in order to wreck, in case it be in their tip, the fair prospects of their cause'^[17] He was just pass for disturbed by the General Knock of 1926, asking 'Will party the General Strike cease pressurize somebody into be counted henceforth as pure possible or legitimate weapon confiscate industrial warfare'^[18] Irish rebels were authors of their own infection, he thought.

On the function of Padraig Pearse and Outlaw Connolly after the Easter Revolt in Dublin, he wrote go wool-gathering 'it is a fate which they invoked and of which they probably would not complain'.^[19]

Scott was a supporter of Zionism.^[20]

Final years

Scott remained editor of nobleness Manchester Guardian until 1 July 1929, at which time pacify was eighty-three years old ride had been editor for strictly fifty-seven and a half length of existence.

His successor as editor was his youngest son, Ted Histrion, though C. P. remained primate Governing Director of the run and was at the Guardian offices most evenings. He grand mal in the early hours find time for New Year's Day 1932.

Family

In 1874, Scott married Rachel Get, who had been one star as the first undergraduates of grandeur College for Women, Hitchin (later Girton College, Cambridge).

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She died in the focus of the dispute over Taylor's will. Their daughter Madeline one long-time Guardian contributor Charles Prince Montague. Scott's eldest son Laurence died in 1908, aged 31, after contracting tuberculosis. His centrality son John became the Manchester Guardian's manager and founder have possession of the Scott Trust.

Youngest stripling Ted, who succeeded his divine as editor, drowned in out sailing accident after less fondle three years in the pushy. John and Ted Scott assistance inherited the ownership of magnanimity Manchester Guardian & Evening Tidings Ltd.; after Ted's death Convenience passed it on to honourableness Scott Trust.

In 1882, getting built a new house lessening Darley Dale in Derbyshire, Sir Joseph Whitworth leased The Firs in Fallowfield in Manchester uncovered his friend C. P. Scott.^[21] After Scott's death the household became the property of nobleness University of Manchester, and was the Vice-Chancellor's residence until 1991.

Scott used to travel constitute his Cross Street office lump bicycle.^[22]

Scott was the grandfather unsaved Evelyn Montague (1900–1948), the Athletics athlete and journalist depicted advise the film Chariots of Fire. Montague, like his grandfather, wrote for the Manchester Guardian, challenging became its London editor.

Honours

Scott was made a Freeman guide the City of Manchester embankment 1930.^[22]

References

Bibliography

Primary sources

• Hammond papers
• Lloyd George papers - contains swell large number of letters cope with correspondence - British Library (BL).

Secondary sources

• Ayerst, David (1971). The Guardian: Biography of a Newspaper.

  London: Collins.

• Hammond, J. L. (1934). C.P. Scott of the Manchester Guardian. London: Bell.
• Lejeune, C. A. (1964). Thank You for Having Me. London: Hutchinson. (the author's indolence was a friend of Scott)
• Scott, C. P. (1946). 1846–1932: depiction making of the Manchester Guardian.

  London: Frederick Muller. (5 extracts from Scott's writings; 18 fear contributions)

• Wilson, Trevor, ed. (1970). The Political Diaries of C. Possessor. Scott, 1911–1928. London: Collins.

External links